Korea Republic, Mei, 16-18 2006
Peace talk Effort
Effort toward peace in Aceh has been taken by many agencies and parties since long while ago. Henry Dunant Center, for example, the International NGO from Geneva, Switzerland has worked hard and finally could bring the involved parties to peace talk in the even called “humanitarian pause” or cease fire. GAM representative and Indonesia government discussed future peace in Aceh in Geneva and finally agreed for a cease fire.
During the first phase of cease fire process, incident and casualties decrease dramatically. However, then both parties started to have prejudice one party to another. GAM think that Indonesian government is being unfair and so did the government; they believe that GAM has broken the agreement and that they feel to have right to strike back and to protect themselves. GAM also believed that the government is attacking GAM site and compound. Finally, cease fire only become “casualties delay” by both parties and it become All Inclusive Dialog between GAM and the government with Henry Dunant Center and mediator. However, open gun fight is hard to avoid.
On March 9 2001, the Indonesian government has launched the martial law in Aceh to stop GAM. Number of troops is increased and number of GAM member is believed to increase as well. Suddenly, it became horrible battlefield. There were many victims in both sides and from civilian as well. Kidnapping, lost people, slaughtering, and open gun contact happened often. Again, civilian became victims.
This has forced civilian to talk. The growth of Civil Movement has given new nuance in Aceh Civilization History. This movement has also supported the transformation of conflict in Aceh to non-violence crisis, more respect on human right and democracy.
On December 2003, by Henry Dunant center (HDC) as mediator, pressure from Europe Union, Japan and World Bank, the Indonesian government and GAM signed the agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities Framework Agreement (COHA). This has been the last hope for peace in Aceh. There was no fundamental difference from the previous peace talk. COHA has opened the possibilities of International country to get involved and it also involved international bodies to observe the result of the agreement.
Unfortunately, COHA also failed. GAM representatives were captured. As the last ditch of peace talk failed in Tokyo, finally Indonesian president signed Kepres no.28 (president decision no.28) to implement martial law and allow military operation to fight GAM. Aceh the, became the battle filed under martial law for six months. During the periods, all governmental control stay under military.
Martial law did not only effected human right activist pro-democracy and journalist only, but also affected the low class societies. This is because the status has made it possible for an open fight. This also restricted the movement area for people to run their normal daily life.
Tsunami
The above situation seems to get its answer after tsunami in Aceh. 8,9 Richter scale earthquake following by tsunami has killed up to 200,000 people in Aceh. It hash moved so many heart in the world including the conflict parties. They started to look at the need to have justice and humanity and the need of people above politics. It seems to that people stated to realize that arm conflict should be stopped and time to concentrate on providing aids to affected people in this tragedy of humanity.
This is also has opened access to international community, the access that has been long closed, to all humanitarian workers in Aceh. Tsunami has devastated Aceh with about 200,000 people were killed an d450,000 lost their homes. This condition has forced political Indonesian political approaches towards solving the problems. Condition has forced Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) and Jusuf Kalla to start the negotiation all over again in order to stop the arm movement in the conflict province and bring them to eternal end of the conflict.
The nature of earthquake and tsunami has forced the president to look at the need of respecting human rights. Aceh then becomes an opened area to any international humanitarian workers. This is in contrast to the are of martial law when all democratic liberality has its borders and people have to listen to ruling military. After tsunami so many INGO and UN agencies coming and want to help ease the pain and suffrage that all Acehnese feel.
The government then changed its approach and become soft in handling the movement in Aceh, especially after what has happened. International community has one need to deliver aids as fast as they could to Acehnese people to help them overcome the situation. The Indonesian government and international community drafted the master plan to re-build Aceh. They have big agenda apart from reconstruction that is to solve the prolonging arm conflict. They expect to have the agenda of arm conflict resolution within the agenda of reconstruction, because every one believe that peace is the key of reconstruction for better Aceh in the future.
Helsinki Peace Talk and Reconstruction in Aceh
Peace talk in Helsinki has been a great momentum for new process of peace in Aceh. It has been almost 2 years the negotiation process of the two conflict parties was stagnant and deadlock. Even that peace talk in Helsinki is considered informal, that drew pro and contra from many parties in Jakarta especially from the legislatives and some country institutions, but it has proven its formal result. Peace agreement between GAM and the Indonesian government has opened new dimension of reconstruction for future Aceh. Moreover the need of all people participation in this phase is absolutely essential.
Peace process then becomes basic condition in reconstruction after the disaster, and they really connect one to another. They have to be done in synergy and run simultaneously.
Peace agreement that has been signed on August 15, 2005 in Helsinki Finland has also drawn the needs of two involving parties. They both agree in peace and prosperous Aceh. That’s why human right points, democratization of Aceh, financial and monetary distribution and socio cultural become the very important points in the MoU.
It is very important that Acehnese, The Indonesian government and international community gather to create a successful peace agreement. Community involvement in all the process is also essential to guarantee good process and result. If GAM and the Indonesian government had only involved their people during the process, bad experience in CoHA will happen again; there will be deadlock, long, big debate in demilitarization process will reappear and stop the peaces process itself.
This also to stress out that we all should be involve to guide this peace treaty together. In that case then, MoU will not be an ending point, but it is only a starting point that require hard work from all of us to guide all the items mentioned in the MoU. Moreover, after the discussion of RUU-PA that has been now in legislatives can be a good starting point to face better and brighter Aceh in the future, Aceh that respect human rights and eternal peace.
Conclusion
It is clear now what Bill Clinton said, as special delegation of United nation for Tsunami in Aceh, he stated his hope that Aceh can inspire the world that can symbolize expectation and strong will to face the future; so that the biggest humanity disaster can end the 30 year long conflict and become basement of better life in the future.
Long and tiring process has made us realize that in fact we are all brothers and we all love peace. Conflict will only hurt us. Difference in opinion that happened all over that world is a blessing from God that we have to cherish. By respecting each other’s culture, respect to one’s dignity and respect to human rights and democracy, wherever and whenever we are, will lead us to eternal peace life in the world.
Azwir Nazar
Acehnese Civil Society Task Force (ACSTF) Aceh, Indonesia
*) experience about solidarity works for Human Rights, Peace and improvement of Democracy in Aceh, Indonesia, Asia.
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